Intense, blinding dust clouds stirred up by the helicopter rotor downwash during near-ground flight causes significant flight safety risks from aircraft and ground obstacle collisions, and dynamic rollover due to sloped and uneven terrain The brownout phenomenon causes accidents during helicopter landing and take-off operations in dust, fine dirt, sand, or arid desert terrain. The following factors will affect the probability and severity of brownout: rotor disk loading, rotor configuration, soil composition, wind, approach speed, and approach angle.This can cause spatial disorientation and loss of situational awareness leading to an accident In a brownout, the pilot cannot see nearby objects which provide the outside visual references necessary to control the aircraft near the ground. A brownout (or brown-out) is an in-flight visibility restriction due to dust or sand in the air.Flat light conditions can lead to a white out environment quite rapidly, and both atmospheric conditions are insidious they sneak up on you as your visual references slowly begin to disappear.However, with good judgment and proper training and planning, it is possible to safely operate an aircraft in flat light conditions.As a result of this reflected light, it can give pilots the illusion that they are ascending or descending when they may actually be flying level.Flat light can completely obscure features of the terrain, creating an inability to distinguish distances and closure rates.Such conditions can occur anywhere in the world, primarily in snow covered areas but can occur in dust, sand, mud flats, or on glassy water.Flat light conditions are usually accompanied by overcast skies inhibiting any visual clues.It is not as severe as "white out" but the condition causes pilots to lose their depth-of-field and contrast in vision.Flat light is an optical illusion, also known as "sector or partial white out".Flying in Flat Light, Brown Out Conditions, and White Out Conditions:
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